Everything about Battle Of Custoza 1866 totally explained
The
Battle of Custoza took place on
24 June 1866 during the
Third Italian Independence War in the
Italian unification process.
The
Austrian Empire army, led by
Archduke Albert of Habsburg, defeated the
Italian army led by
Alfonso Ferrero la Marmora and
Enrico Cialdini, in spite of the Italians' strong numerical advantage.
Background
In
June 1866, the
German kingdom of
Prussia declared war on the Austrian Empire. The recently formed
Italian kingdom decided to seize the opportunity and allied with
Prussia with the intention of annexing
Venetia and thus uniting the
Italian Peninsula. The Italians rapdily built up an army twice the size of their Austrian counterparts defending Venetia.
The Battle
In the fourth week of
May, the Italians divided their army into two equally-sized corps, one commanded by King
Vittorio Emmanuele and the other by Generals
Alfonso Ferrero La Marmora and
Enrico Cialdini. The king's force was to move into the
Trentino region, while
Marmora's crossed the
Mincio River and invaded
Venetia. Meanwhile,
Austrian soldiers under
Archduke Albert of Habsburg marched
west from
Verona to the north of the Italians, in an attempt to move behind the Italians so as to cut them off from the rear and thus slaughter them. The
maneuver failed, resulting in a confused and ferocious struggle. The Austrians'
rifled artillery ouperformed the Italian
smoothbore guns and an improvised charge by Austrian
lancers sustained heavy losses, but unnerved the Italians.
Aftermath
The Austrians were decisively victorious, both strategically and tactically. The Italians were driven back across the
Mincio out of
Venetia. Despite this victory and a
naval defeat of the Italians at
Lissa, the Austrians surrenedered to the Prussians a month later and were forced to cede Venetia.
Further Information
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